For gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other therapy methods are used - traditional methods of treatment, diet.What can you eat during a diet against gastritis of the stomach to get the effect of this kind of treatment?
General information about diets for gastritis
The treatment of gastritis is usually complex and includes various diets in addition to drug therapy.Diet for gastritis means a lot, because dry food, snacks on the run (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, very cold or hot food and a lot of spices can aggravate gastritis.
A gastroenterologist prescribes diet and drug treatment for gastritis according to the type of disease, disturbing symptoms and the reasons that led to the onset of the disease.Patients may experience pain, heaviness and burning sensation in the epigastrium, fullness in the stomach, hunger after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, loss of appetite and indigestion.
Diet for gastritis, especially during the acute period, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.What diet should you follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the exacerbation (attack) in the patient;In addition, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acidity.
If you have gastritis, exclude the following types of food from your diet:
- any broth;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy foods;
- smoked meat, any snack;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and salted vegetables;
- mushrooms (because they are hard to digest);
- some types of cereal plants - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and spices - onion, garlic, radish, radish, white cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juices.
During the exacerbation of the disease, dietary food contributes to the remission of the disease, therefore, foods that have a strong effect on secretion and play an irritating role are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation causes:
- plenty of table;
- consumption of cartilage, stringy meat, bird skin;
- consumption of significant amounts of coarse fiber, which is found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, corn and bran bread.
Fried foods have the maximum mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is realized by dishes made by cooking in the oven or using a double boiler.
Chemical irritation is caused by products in the following list:
- broths, broths of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- canned food;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard-boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- rye bread, cakes, pastry made from butter dough - pies, pastries, pies, biscuits;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables - onion, garlic, radish, radish;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence of extractive substances, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold food - dishes with a temperature of less than 15 ° and more than 57-62 ° C are irritating, and cold food taken on an empty stomach increases intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is about 37-38 ° C.
The diet is selected according to its quality composition, the method of culinary processing of products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, cooking) and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting
A gentle diet provides fractional meals while eliminating irritants, which makes food easier to digest and absorb.It is preferable to eat pureed, warm, not rough, foods with a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, steamed meat.
Sometimes fasting is considered advisable, as excessive consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With a short-term refusal of food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decreases.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during the exacerbation of the disease, when the complete refusal to eat is replaced by the consumption of light food.With this food schedule, toxins and wastes are removed from the body faster.But there are contraindications for fasting - severe weight loss, anorexia, it is not used when carrying a child and it is not used for children.
Fasting should not start immediately with complete abstinence from food.First, they switch to light foods (for example, kefir), switch to such a light diet for 5 days, and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be in two variants: with the first variant (dry fasting) it is forbidden to drink water, the second variant allows drinking water without mineral gas or just boiled water.On the second day, it is allowed to drink weak tea, which lasts 4-5 days.Quitting the hunger strike begins with the consumption of rice water and wheat crackers.Then they start eating liquid boiled oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge made with water or a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucilage soup or cereal infusion with soup during the day.The use of fresh vegetables and fruits is excluded.
Separate food
When the diet does not allow the simultaneous intake of fats, proteins and carbohydrates, nutritional options are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starch and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, grains.Confectionery (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all food to prevent fermentation, belching and heartburn.
By following different nutritional principles, you can normalize digestion, metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Properly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation, and toxic substances do not form in the blood.
Food output speed
In order for the food to be easily digested and removed from the body, it is not recommended to consume liquid and solid food at the same time.Liquid and juicy food leave the stomach faster than solid food, so they are recommended during diets to increase the speed of food transit.
Plums and raisins stay in the stomach for a particularly long time;if gastritis worsens, it is not recommended to consume them during the first few months.
It also affects the speed of food movement and its type - proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats stay the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they increase the length of time food stays in the stomach because fats are difficult to break down - the longer food stays in the stomach, the stronger the secretion of hydrochloric acid.During exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid oils.
The purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including accompanying diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet number 4 is prescribed;if there are symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet number 5 is prescribed (with the exception of fresh milk and a decrease in fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also selected individually.A strict diet prescribed in the acute phase is maintained for 1-2 months.But it is necessary to follow the basic rules of proper nutrition for many years.
Prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of the course of the disease.In case of acute, erosive (ulcerative) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis, a strict diet is prescribed;during the period of remission, the diet is slightly expanded.For any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, heartburn, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
The goal for gastritis is to restore the normal functioning of the stomach, to restore the affected areas of the mucous membrane, to normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat if you have acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat on the first day;drinking tea and still mineral water is allowed.From the 2nd day, you can eat by including in the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft-boiled eggs, jelly.During the period of exacerbation, a strict diet is required;diet is expanded as symptoms subside.It is recommended to eat more foods with low acidity, which help the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, on the contrary.
| Calms the stomach | They act nervous |
| Still mineral drinking water, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| porridge | Salty foods |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, pickled, smoked foods |
| Vegetable puree (potato, rutabaga, carrot, cauliflower) | Rich strong broths |
| cottage cheese | Canned food, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Egg (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet number 2 is prescribed.Food should be varied in terms of composition;the diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Allowed and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | It is forbidden |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, roe (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, baked, stewed vegetables, greens - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Pastry products |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (soft), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Salty, spicy foods |
| Loose porridge with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Because patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as stew or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Eating should occur at least 5 times a day.After the acute period, therapeutic nutrition is followed for 2-3 months.It is good to enrich your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of the exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the purpose of which is to reduce the exacerbation.After that, they begin to stimulate the secretion of gastric juice.The prescribed diet for low acidity is diet number 2.
Table of permitted and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | It is forbidden |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried food, baked food |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic beverages |
| Meat broths, soups - vegetables, fruits, peas | Salty, spicy foods and spices (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, beet salads, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecakes, diluted cream, a little butter, soft cheese, steamed omelette, soft-boiled eggs | Coarse fiber, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (except grape juice), compotes, rose hips, black currant berries | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, rutabagas, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), lemon and sugar water | Grape juice and whole grapes, plums, raisins |
| White crackers, dry biscuits | Fresh bread, pastries |
| porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jellied meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruits;jam, compotes, jelly | Legumes, cereals - pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Pasta | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing the inflammation, you can gradually start stimulating the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes give a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for dinner, you can eat a sandwich with grain caviar.To stimulate the production of gastric juice, it is necessary to drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups) half an hour before meals.
It is allowed to eat fried food, but without bread.It is good to start taking bitters from herbs - to increase appetite and sense of taste.Drinking qumiz is good for excretion;drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not take it yourself, as it intensifies the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but not more than 1 cup a day.
In addition, the diet is expanded and it is allowed to consume cocoa, kefir and strong tea.If you feel well, the diet expands after a few months - you can eat almost everything, but you should not use too much salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.There should be hot meals in the morning and lunch.
An example menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- breakfast- weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- second breakfast- apple (cooked);
- lunch- steamed meat cutlet with compote, buckwheat porridge garnish, broth with meatballs;
- dinner- vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before going to bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you need to eat 5-6 times a day, at certain hours, in small portions.It is important to chew food thoroughly - crushed food does not damage the mucous membrane, and during chewing, more gastric juice and saliva are produced, which helps to digest food.All food should be minimally spicy and salty.
For the first few weeks, the diet is almost identical to low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it is useful to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize the high acidity.
If milk causes bloating or diarrhea, it can be diluted - drunk, added to tea.If this does not help, then it is replaced with slimy soups.
All food should be mashed, hot, chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods that have little effect on the synthesis of gastric juice are added.The principle of fractional food is also preserved.To restore stomach cells, the diet should be rich in proteins.
Diet No. 1 is recommended for hyperacid gastritis (good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, then - diet 1B and #1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Allowed | It is forbidden |
| Boiled meat without fat: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Boiled or steamed dishes from them, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, souffles | Spicy, smoked and fried foods (or cooked with a crust - grilled), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish - hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, fried vegetables - young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic beverages, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberry, raspberry, apple) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridges that boil well in water - semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomato, garlic, onion, turnip, radish, pepper, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steam omelets, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, stews made from it | Legumes, chocolate |
| Mucous soups with the addition of cereal porridge, porridge with milk from various cereals (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, spices, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented dairy products |
| Sugar, honey | Coffee, alcoholic beverages |
| Rose hip broth with sugar and tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
It is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass) one hour before meals.
Oven-dried crackers are allowed to replace fresh brown bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to the dishes to speed up the healing process of mucosal damage that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Menu for sharpening:
- breakfast - steam omelette, porridge with milk (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast - milk with crackers;
- lunch - mashed potato and carrot soup, steamed meat cutlets with mashed potato side dish, fruit jelly;
- afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- dinner - boiled fish with carrot and beet puree garnish, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
They create an approximate menu of diet meals for the week, taking into account the allowed foods for ease of preparation.It is very convenient when preparing food in a slow cooker and complies with the rules of the gentle cooking method.
Mucous soups are used during exacerbation and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.More often, these are cereal soups made with milk diluted with water (1: 1).Mashed soups are prepared with grains, potatoes and carrots are added, after which everything is mashed and a little oil is added.
It is better to use food to prepare main dishes (steamed or in a water bath).Omelet, pudding, sauce, etc.this is how it is prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove extractive substances from it), then the broth is filtered and the meat is cooked in fresh water.
Sample recipes of foods allowed during the diet:
First courses
Creamy squash soup with fennel
Boil pumpkin and potatoes and beat in a blender.Bring to desired texture with vegetable juice, salt, add cream and finely chopped dill.
Minced chicken (breast) and creamy glutinous rice soup
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, slightly salted and brought to a boil.Cool the soup to 70 °C, add the egg-cream mixture and whisk.
Second courses:
Turkey cutlets
Minced turkey is salted, wheat bread soaked in butter and milk is added.Make cutlets and steam them.
Delicious diet desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apple, yolk and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the pre-whipped whites.Place in molds and steam for at least half an hour.Ready pudding is poured with fruit jelly.
Curd souffle
Beat cottage cheese, yolk, semolina, milk and cream.Whipped whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The mass formed in the form evaporates.